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The only effective treatment for typhoid is antibiotics. The most commonly used are ciprofloxacin (for non-pregnant adults) and ceftriaxone. Other than antibiotics, it is important to rehydrate by drinking adequate water. In more severe cases, where the bowel has become perforated, surgery may be required.
As per the WHO guidelines29, ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin is recommended for fully sensitive typhoid cases; alternatively, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin and co-trimoxazole are also recommended.
The Pakistan XDR typhoid fever outbreak strain remains susceptible to azithromycin and carbapenems. Azithromycin is effective for uncomplicated typhoid fever (bacteremia without secondary complications) and should be used for patients with suspected uncomplicated typhoid fever who have traveled to Pakistan.
With appropriate antibiotic therapy, there is usually improvement within one to two days and recovery within seven to 10 days. Several antibiotics are effective for the treatment of typhoid fever. Chloramphenicol was the original drug of choice for many years.
The gastrointestinal tract is more severely affected including liver, spleen, and muscles. Through bloodstream, bacteria can also reach gallbladder, lungs, and kidneys.
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